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Van de Graaff generator - translation to Αγγλικά
.jpg?width=200 "This Van de Graaff generator of the first Hungarian linear particle accelerator achieved 700 kV in 1951 and 1000 kV in 1952.")
![The Museum of Science in Boston]], Massachusetts](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Spark by Van de Graaff generator.jpg?width=200 "The Museum of Science in Boston]], Massachusetts")
![A Van de Graaff particle accelerator in a pressurized tank at [[Pierre and Marie Curie University]], Paris](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Van den Graaff DSC09091.JPG?width=200 "A Van de Graaff particle accelerator in a pressurized tank at [[Pierre and Marie Curie University]], Paris")
![Hydroelectric power station at [[Gabčíkovo Dam]], [[Slovakia]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/DSCN1028.JPG?width=200 "Hydroelectric power station at [[Gabčíkovo Dam]], [[Slovakia]]")
![Protesters at [[Occupy Wall Street]] using bicycles connected to a motor and one-way diode to charge batteries for their electronics<ref>[http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/10/30/with-generators-gone-wall-street-protesters-try-bicycle-power/ With Generators Gone, Wall Street Protesters Try Bicycle Power], Colin Moynihan, ''New York Times'', 30 October 2011; accessed 2 November 2011</ref>](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Day 47 Occupy Wall Street November 2 2011 Shankbone 15.JPG?width=200 "Protesters at [[Occupy Wall Street]] using bicycles connected to a motor and one-way diode to charge batteries for their electronics<ref>[http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/10/30/with-generators-gone-wall-street-protesters-try-bicycle-power/ With Generators Gone, Wall Street Protesters Try Bicycle Power], Colin Moynihan, ''New York Times'', 30 October 2011; accessed 2 November 2011</ref>")
![The [[Faraday disk]] was the first electric generator. The horseshoe-shaped magnet ''(A)'' created a magnetic field through the disk ''(D)''. When the disk was turned, this induced an electric current radially outward from the center toward the rim. The current flowed out through the sliding spring contact ''m'', through the external circuit, and back into the center of the disk through the axle.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Faraday disk generator.jpg?width=200 "The [[Faraday disk]] was the first electric generator. The horseshoe-shaped magnet ''(A)'' created a magnetic field through the disk ''(D)''. When the disk was turned, this induced an electric current radially outward from the center toward the rim. The current flowed out through the sliding spring contact ''m'', through the external circuit, and back into the center of the disk through the axle.")
![alternating current generator]], c. 1900.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ferranti two-phase generator set (Rankin Kennedy, Electrical Installations, Vol III, 1903).jpg?width=200 "alternating current generator]], c. 1900.")
![Early [[Ganz]] Generator in [[Zwevegem]], [[West Flanders]], [[Belgium]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Generator-20071117.jpg?width=200 "Early [[Ganz]] Generator in [[Zwevegem]], [[West Flanders]], [[Belgium]]")
![The [[Athlone Power Station]] in [[Cape Town]], [[South Africa]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Greater Cape Town 12.02.2007 16-41-31.2007 16-41-33.JPG?width=200 "The [[Athlone Power Station]] in [[Cape Town]], [[South Africa]]")
![commutator]] needed for high power applications.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/High-Current Copper-Brush Commutated Dynamo.jpg?width=200 "commutator]] needed for high power applications.")
![kVA]] direct-driven power station AC alternator, with a separate belt-driven exciter generator.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Murray Alternator with Belt-Driven Exciter.jpg?width=200 "kVA]] direct-driven power station AC alternator, with a separate belt-driven exciter generator.")
![[[Hippolyte Pixii]]'s dynamo. The commutator is located on the shaft below the spinning magnet.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Wechselstromerzeuger Crop LevelAdj.jpg?width=200 "[[Hippolyte Pixii]]'s dynamo. The commutator is located on the shaft below the spinning magnet.")
Ορισμός
Βικιπαίδεια
A Van de Graaff generator is an electrostatic generator which uses a moving belt to accumulate electric charge on a hollow metal globe on the top of an insulated column, creating very high electric potentials. It produces very high voltage direct current (DC) electricity at low current levels. It was invented by American physicist Robert J. Van de Graaff in 1929. The potential difference achieved by modern Van de Graaff generators can be as much as 5 megavolts. A tabletop version can produce on the order of 100 kV and can store enough energy to produce visible electric sparks. Small Van de Graaff machines are produced for entertainment, and for physics education to teach electrostatics; larger ones are displayed in some science museums.
The Van de Graaff generator was originally developed as a particle accelerator for physics research, as its high potential can be used to accelerate subatomic particles to great speeds in an evacuated tube. It was the most powerful type of accelerator until the cyclotron was developed in the early 1930s. Van de Graaff generators are still used as accelerators to generate energetic particle and X-ray beams for nuclear research and nuclear medicine.
The voltage produced by an open-air Van de Graaff machine is limited by arcing and corona discharge to about 5 MV. Most modern industrial machines are enclosed in a pressurized tank of insulating gas; these can achieve potentials as large as about 25 MV.
